Trillium^® Biosurface**

Triple Endothelial-like Action for Biocompatibility

Trillium^® Biosurface provides endothelial-like benefits for routine use during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures.

Heparin

• Non-leaching heparin molecules are covalently bonded into the surface to provide anticoagulant and additional beneficial effects as heparan sulfate does in the natural endothelium.

Negative charge

• Sulphate and sulfonate groups are incorporated into the Trillium^® functional layer to mimic the negative charge of vascular endothelium.
• Research demonstrates that negatively-charged sulphonated polymers:
  • Repel the negatively-charged platelets^18,19,20
  • Inhibit thrombin by binding to antithrombin in a heparin-like manner^21,22,23
  • May impair additional processes required for thrombus formation^24,25
• Heparin in Trillium^® Biosurface is naturally negatively charged.

Hydrophilicity

• Polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer is extremely hydrophilic along its entire chain, creating an "insulating" water layer structure between the blood and artificial surface to resist cell adhesion and protein deposition.
  • PEO-water interface has very low free energy and therefore a low driving force for protein adsorption or platelet adhesion.^26,27
  • PEO chains are in continuous motion, due to their flexible molecular structure. The dynamic hydrated surface created by PEO chains is believed to repel proteins and platelets.^28,29
• Hydrophilic priming layer is strongly bonded to the artificial surface.

Trillium^® Biosurface peer-reviewed published clinical and scientific findings:*

• Decreased likelihood to require blood products³⁰
• Platelet count preservation^{31,32,33,34,35}
  • Affords the same protective effects on circulating platelet count drops as adding albumin to the prime³²
• Less platelet activation³⁴
• Less granulocyte activation³⁴
• Less complement activation after protamine administration³³
• Fewer circuit clots and no renal emboli³⁵

* Select published articles

** Technology licensed under agreement from BioInteractions, Limited, United Kingdom.

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