CABG - CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (prounounced 'Cabbage'). A heart surgery procedure that treats the symptoms of coronary artery disease. CABG surgery reroutes (or 'bypasses')
the blood flow around the blockages in the coronary arteries, restoring blood flow to the heart muscle itself.
calcification - Accumulation of calcium salts into tissue
cancer
pain - Cancer pain is constant or intense pain due to
tumors or cancer cells growing into or crowding out other parts of
the body, or scarring or nerve damage due to cancer treatments such
as radiation therapy. Cancer pain may be successfully treated with
APT Intrathecal.
cannulation - The act of placing cannulae. Cannulae are long tubes which connect the patient to the heart lung machine. (cardioplumnary bypass).
capillaries - Tiny blood vessels whose walls are so thin that oxygen, nutrients, and waste products flow through them. The network of capillaries in the human body is so extensive that if laid end to end, they would extend about 60,000 miles.
cardiac arrest - A medical situation characterized by the stopping of normal heart function. During cardiac arrest, the heart is not pumping blood to the body. If left untreated, it is dangerous and life-threatening.
cardiologist - A physician specially trained in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease.
cardioplegia - Temporary cardiac arrest induced during heart surgery.
cardiopulmonary bypass - A surgical procedure where the patient's blood is mechanically oxygenated and pumped through the body while the heart and lungs are arrested.
cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) - Circulatory support system that works in place of the patient's heart and lungs, providing blood flow to the whole body. Often referred to as the 'heart-lung machine.'
cardiotomy reservoir - A receptacle for collecting and storing blood suctioned from the chest cavity during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. It can also be used for post-operative chest drainage.
cardiotomy/venous reservoir - A reservoir which functions as both a venous reservoir and a cardiotomy reservoir.
cardioversion - An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy used to treat rapid heart rhythms. Cardioversion consists of shock impulses that may progress from low-energy to high-energy levels, depending on the therapy needed stop the rapid rhythm.
case manager - An experienced professional, such as a nurse, who works with patients, providers and insurers to coordinate all services deemed necessary to provide the patient with a plan of medically necessary and appropriate health care.
catheter - The catheter used in APT Intrathecal is a small, soft
tube. One end is connected to the pump, and the other is placed in
the intrathecal space (where fluid flows around the spinal cord).
caution - A statement that alerts the user to the possibility of a problem with the device associated with its use or misuse. This includes malfunction, failure and damage to the device or other property.
cell salvage - A process by which the blood cells are collected, washed, and returned to the patient
chronic pain - Chronic pain is that which lasts a long time (over six months) and is not relieved by standard medical management. Chronic pain may result from a previous injury long since healed. Or it may have an ongoing cause, such as arthritis, cancer, nerve damage, or chronic infection. With chronic pain, normal lifestyles can be restricted or even impossible. Many people suffer with chronic pain, unaware that there are a variety of treatment options that can help them live more normal lives.
circuitry, pacemaker - Electronic components inside a pacemaker that function like a small computer. The circuitry controls the timing of the electrical pulses which the pacemaker delivers to the heart.
circulatory system - System in the body made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels that ensures every cell in the body receives a constant supply of blood. The blood delivers nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removes waste products and carbon dioxide. The heart ensures that the blood flows constantly by pumping it through the blood vessels. Blood vessels are tubes of different sizes that transport blood to and from the heart.
clinical benefits - Improvements in health and/or functioning that have been observed during controlled, scientific studies of patients undergoing treatment/therapy.
clinical studies - Human studies to test a device, drug, or treatment to verify or test if it is safe and effective. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that new drugs, medical devices, or treatments undergo clinical trials and studies before they can be approved for widespread use.
coating - A layer which is attached to the inside surface of all or some of the tubing and devices of the extracorporeal circuit.
commissural suture - Sutures that bring together two opposing heart valve cusps.
commissure - The junction site between adjacent heart valve cusps.
complex
regional pain syndrome - Formerly known as reflex sympathetic
dystrophy (RSD), this disease most often occurs after an injury (such
as a fractured bone). "Complex regional" refers to the fact
that the pain is located in one region of the body (such as an arm
or leg); however, the condition can spread to additional areas. Because
this disease affects the sympathetic nervous system which in turn
affects all tissue levels (skin, bone, etc.), there are many symptoms
that may occur. The one overriding symptom is extreme pain, other
symptoms vary but can include loss of function, skin and temperature
changes, swelling, and sensitivity to touch. Complex Regional Pain
Syndrome may be successfully treated with APT Neurostimulation or
APT Intrathecal.
compression
fractures due to osteoporosis - Loss of bone density
makes bones fragile and more likely to break or fracture. Compression
fractures in the spine can cause severe back pain, which may be successfully
treated with APT Intrathecal.
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) - Computer-aided process for designing fluid paths with maximum flow characteristics.
conduction disorders - Disorders of the heart in which the heart's natural electrical conduction system is blocked. Sick sinus syndrome and heart block are common types of conduction disorders resulting in a slow or irregular heart rhythm that may be treated with a pacemaker.
conduction pathways - Pathways that conduct electrical impulses to the atria through the atrioventricular (AV) node and around the ventricles, thereby causing the heart to beat and pump blood throughout the body.
connector block - A transparent plastic connector located on top of pacemaker's metal container. This is where the pacing lead is connected to the pacemaker.
contraindication - Conditions under which a device should not be used because the risks associated with the use of the device are greater than the benefits.
coronary artery disease (CAD) - A disease in which plaque deposits containing cholesterol atherosclerosis and fat globules are formed within the intima and inner media of large and medium-sized arteries.
coronary ostia - Either of the two openings in the aortic sinus which mark the origin of the left (and right) coronary arteries.
coronary perfusion - Getting the blood (with its oxygen and nutrients) to flow to the coronary arteries to the heart muscle.
cryopreserved - Preservation of tissue by storage at very low temperatures.
custom perfusion systems - Perfusion circuits that are designed to meet specific OR requirements.
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