Study Overview
| Purpose |
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Assess the long-term effect of CRT on the morbidity and mortality of heart failure patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and cardiac dyssynchrony already receiving optimal medical therapy (OMT). |
| Study Design and Population |
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- Randomized controlled, open-label trial
- 813 patients enrolled
- 82 centers
- 12 European countries
- Patients randomized as follows
- 409 CRT + OMT
- 404 to OMT alone
- Mean follow-up 29.4 months
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| Primary Endpoint |
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- Combined all-cause mortality or unplanned hospitalization for a major cardiovascular event (CVE)
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| Secondary Endpoint |
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- All-cause mortality
- Unplanned hospitalization with worsening heart failure
- NYHA classification
- Quality of Life
- Echocardiographic, biochemical, and hemodynamic assessments
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| Main Inclusion Criteria |
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- Heart failure for at least 6 weeks
- NYHA Class III/IV
- LVSD and dilation
-LVEF < 35%
-LVEDD > 30 mm/m (height)
- Cardiac dyssynchrony as indicated by QRS width > 120 ms*
- OMT
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Designed and managed by independent steering committee, evaluated by Data Safety Monitoring Board; sponsored by Medtronic, Inc.
*Patients with QRS 120-149 ms were required to meet echocardiographic evidence for ventricular dyssynchrony including aortic pre-ejection delay ≥ 140ms, interventricular mechanical delay > 40ms and delayed activation of posterolateral LV-wall.
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