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Home But First My Health

#ButFirstMyHealth

Understanding Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

Check your symptoms (opens new window)

Everyday I show up strong.

You give your all, every single day. But when pain, heavy bleeding, and exhaustion speak up – it’s time to listen.​

Ask your doctor about hysteroscopy – a safe, minimally-invasive procedure that not only preserves fertility but also helps you get back to life with renewed hope.​

Hysteroscopy Advantage:​

  • Same-day procedure​
  • Enable faster recovery​
  • Removes fibroids & polyps

What is AUB?

Learn More

Why It matters

Learn More

Menstrual patterns 

Learn More

Treatment options 

Learn More

Symptom checker

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Understanding Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

Menstruation is natural, but unpredictable, heavy, or prolonged bleeding may signal Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). Knowing what's normal is the first step to prioritizing your health.


What is AUB?

AUB is irregular, prolonged, or heavy menstrual bleeding outside the normal cycle. It can affect all ages and may indicate an underlying condition needing medical attention.

AUB is more common than you think

AUB affects 10–30% of women of reproductive age globally, and in India, the incidence is estimated to be around 17.09%.¹

Normal vs. abnormal menstruation² 

Normal menstruation:    

  • Occurs every 21 to 35 days
  • Lasts up to 7-9 days
  • Moderate, predictable flow

Signs of AUB³:

  • Bleeding between periods or after intercourse
  • Periods lasting more than 7 days
  • Heavy flow requiring frequent pad/tampon changes
  • Irregular cycles that are too short or too long
  • Passing large blood clots
  • Experiencing severe cramps or fatigue

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Why it matters

Ignoring abnormal bleeding can lead to anemia⁴, fatigue, and impact daily life. More importantly, it may indicate conditions like hormonal imbalances, fibroids, polyps, or even more serious health concerns. Seeking timely medical advice can help diagnose the cause and provide the right treatment options.

Your health comes first. If you notice any unusual bleeding patterns, consult a doctor today.

Take charge – know the signs, get checked.

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Definitions of Menstrual Patterns Associated with AUB

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) encompasses various mentrual irregularities, each with distinct characteristics. Below are key definitions:

More than 35 days gap between cycles.

Lesser than 21 days between cycles.

Excessive or prolonged bleeding, exceeding 7 days. 

 Irregular and frequent bleeding of varying amounts.

Excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals.

Bleeding after 12 months of menopause. 


Illustration to demonstrate polyps

Here’s an overview of common pathologies affecting Indian women⁵:

Endometrial polyps are non-cancerous growths in the uterine lining that can cause irregular bleeding. Common with age, they're linked to hormonal imbalance, obesity, and hypertension. Though usually benign, about 3.1% may turn cancerous. They’re found in 24–35% of women with AUB⁶.

Uterine fibroids are benign muscle tumors that can cause heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and fertility issues. A rural India study found a 37.65% prevalence, with 40% experiencing significant symptoms⁷. Genetics, diet, and stress are key risk factors. 

Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows within the uterine muscle, leading to painful and heavy periods. It is often diagnosed in women aged 40–50 and has been found to coexist with endometrial adenocarcinoma in about 10% of cases⁸.

Endometrial cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy. The age-standardized incidence rate in India is around 2.3 per 100,000 women, with risk factors including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes⁹. 

Other factors contributing to AUB could also be non-structural issues like hormonal imbalance. 


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Treatment Options for AUB

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat women experiencing Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) caused by structural abnormalities within the uterus5,6. During the procedure, a physician inserts a slender device with a camera—called a hysteroscope—through the cervix to visualize the uterine cavity. If abnormalities such as polyps or fibroids are detected, they can often be removed during the same procedure11.

Hysteroscopy with mHTR system 

The mHTR (Mechanical Hysteroscopic Tissue Removal) system enables physicians to remove abnormal uterine tissue without the need for incisions. A scope is inserted through the cervix, allowing direct visualization of the uterus. Once the abnormality is identified, a specialized instrument is introduced through the scope to gently and efficiently remove the tissue12.

Many traditional methods for treating intrauterine abnormalities rely on electricity, which carries a risk of thermal injury to the uterine lining. In contrast, the mHTR system does not use electricity during the procedure, thereby eliminating the risk of electrical burns. Its mechanical design minimizes trauma to surrounding healthy tissue and helps preserve the integrity of the uterus13.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you have heavy bleeding, irregular cycles, or persistent pelvic pain, consult a doctor promptly. Early diagnosis can prevent complications like anemia or infertility. Timely treatment—through lifestyle changes, medication, or minimally invasive procedures—can greatly improve your health and quality of life.

Check your symptoms (opens new window)

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Brief Statement: 

Information contained herein does not replace the recommendations of your healthcare professional. [See the device manual for detailed information regarding the instructions for use, indications, contraindications, warnings, precautions, and potential adverse events]. For further information, contact your Health Care Professional.

References 

  1. Sharma A, Dogra Y. Trends of AUB in tertiary centre of Shimla hills. J Midlife Health. 2013 Jan;4(1):67-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-7800.109648. PMID: 23833543; PMCID: PMC3702075. 
  2. Ana K. Rosen Vollmar, Shruthi Mahalingaiah, Anne Marie Jukic, The menstrual cycle as a vital sign: a comprehensive review, F&S Reviews, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2025, 100081, ISSN 2666-5719, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.100081. 
  3. Mikes BA, Vadakekut ES, Sparzak PB. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. [Updated 2025 Feb 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532913/
  4. Mansour D, Hofmann A, Gemzell-Danielsson K. A review of clinical guidelines on the management of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in women with heavy menstrual bleeding. Adv Ther. 2021;38(1):201-225. doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01564-y
  5. Sharma C, Sharma M, Raina R, Soni A, Chander B, Verma S. Gynecological diseases in rural India: A critical appraisal of indications and route of surgery along with histopathology correlation of 922 women undergoing major gynecological surgery. J Midlife Health. 2014 Apr;5(2):55-61. doi: 10.4103/0976-7800.133988. PMID: 24970982; PMCID: PMC4071645.
  6. NCBI - StatPearls. Endometrial Polyps. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/
  7. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics, and Gynecology (IJRCOG). Prevalence of Uterine Fibroids in Rural India. Available at: https://www.ijrcog.org/index.php/ijrcog/article/download/3796/3072
  8. Spandidos Publications. Adenomyosis and Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Study. Available at: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mco.2018.1660
  9. PMC - NIH. Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer in India. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9687413/
  10. Aas-Eng MK, Langebrekke A, Hudelist G. Complications in operative hysteroscopy - is prevention possible? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017 Dec;96(12):1399-1403. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13209. Epub 2017 Sep 27. PMID: 28832907.
  11. Moore JF, Carugno J. Hysteroscopy. [Updated 2023 Jul 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564345/
  12. Franchini M, Ceci O, Casadio P, Carugno J, Giarrè G, Gubbini G, Catena U, Chiara de Angelis M, Di Spiezio Sardo A. Mechanical hysteroscopic tissue removal or hysteroscopic morcellator: understanding the past to predict the future. A narrative review. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2021 Sep;13(3):193-201. doi: 10.52054/FVVO.13.3.026. Epub 2021 Jun 10. PMID: 34555873; PMCID: PMC8823270.
  13. Pampalona JR, Bastos MD, Moreno GM, Pust AB, Montesdeoca GE, Guerra Garcia A, Pruñonosa JC, Collado RC, Torras PB. A comparison of hysteroscopic mechanical tissue removal with bipolar electrical resection for the management of endometrial polyps in an ambulatory care setting: preliminary results. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2015 Mar-Apr;22(3):439-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.12.004. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25497165.

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