WHAT IS DYSPHAGIA?

Learn more about the causes and symptoms of persistent swallowing problems, also known as dysphagia.

UNDERSTANDING DYSPHAGIA

Dysphagia is a medical term for difficulty swallowing — meaning it takes more time and effort to initiate and complete a swallow. This condition may occur at any age, but it is most common with elderly populations. Difficulty swallowing sometimes occurs after eating too quickly or not chewing food thoroughly. However, persistent swallowing problems may suggest a more serious condition.

 

There are a range of conditions, factors, and diseases that contribute to a swallowing disorder. One of the most common causes is gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).1

 

DYSPHAGIA SYMPTOMS

The primary symptom of dysphagia is the sensation of being unable to swallow or that food is getting stuck in the throat. Additional signs and symptoms associated with dysphagia include:2

  • Pain while swallowing
  • Inability to swallow
  • Drooling
  • Hoarseness
  • Sore throat
  • Regurgitation
  • Frequent heartburn
  • Stomach acid backing up into the throat
  • Losing weight
  • Gagging or coughing while swallowing

Dysphagia can make it difficult to stay adequately nourished or hydrated and may also signal a more serious underlying condition, such as GORD. Other risks associated with dysphagia include increased risk for lung infections, aspiration difficulties, and pneumonia.

Woman coughs while sitting at a kitchen table reading a magazine.

DYSPHAGIA AND GORD

Dysphagia most often occurs in people who are more than 40 years of age.2 While dysphagia can be attributed to a variety of causes, one of the most common is chronic acid reflux caused by gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).1 GORD is a common digestive disease characterised by chronic acid reflux, which occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus.3

1

Bollschweiler E, Knoppe K, Wolfgarten E, Hölscher AH. Prevalence of dysphagia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux in Germany. Dysphagia. 2008;23(2):172-176. doi:10.1007/s00455-007-9120-5

2

Cho S, Choung R, Talley N, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for dysphagia: a USA community study. Neurogastroenterology And Motility: The Official Journal Of The European Gastrointestinal Motility Society [serial online]. February 2015;27(2):212-219

3

Vaezi M, Zehrai A, Yuksel E, Testing for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease, ASGE Leading Edge, 2012 Vol 2, No 2, 1-13, American Society Gastroenterology Endoscopy, Page 1