The incidence of postoperative delirium in clinical trials varies from 4-66%.([FOOTNOTE=Eide LS, Ranhoff AH, Fridlund B, et al. Comparison of frequency, risk factors, and time course of postoperative delirium in octogenarians after transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(6):802-809.],[ANCHOR=],[LINK=]),([FOOTNOTE=Krzych LJ, Wybraniec MT, Krupka-Matuszczyk I, et al. Detailed insight into the impact of postoperative neuropsychiatric complications on mortality in a cohort of cardiac surgery subjects: a 23,000-patient-year analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2014;28(3):448-457.],[ANCHOR=],[LINK=]) Patient-specific and iatrogenic factors may place patients at greater risk.([FOOTNOTE=Yang Y, Zhao X, Dong T, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Y. Risk factors for postoperative delirium following hip fracture repair in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(2):115-126.],[ANCHOR=],[LINK=])
Postoperative delirium is associated with worsened patient outcome and increased resource utilization.1,([FOOTNOTE=Gleason LJ, Schmitt EM, Kosar CM, et al. Effect of Delirium and Other Major Complications on Outcomes After Elective Surgery in Older Adults. JAMA Surg. 2015;150(12):1134-1140.],[ANCHOR=],[LINK=])
Bispectral index™ guided anesthesia has been demonstrated in multiple randomized-controlled trials to reduce the risk for postoperative delirium.([FOOTNOTE=Chan MT, Cheng BC, Lee TM, Gin T. BIS-guided anesthesia decreases postoperative delirium and cognitive decline. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2013;25(1):33-42.],[ANCHOR=],[LINK=]),([FOOTNOTE=Mei B, Zha H, Lu X, et al. Peripheral Nerve Block as a Supplement to Light or Deep General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients Receiving Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Study. Clin J Pain. 2017.],[ANCHOR=],[LINK=]),([FOOTNOTE=Sieber FE, Zakriya KJ, Gottschalk A, et al. Sedation depth during spinal anesthesia and the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(1):18-26.],[ANCHOR=],[LINK=])
Cardiovascular surgery patients may be at increased risk for postoperative delirium.(7)
Increased risk for postoperative delirium has been documented in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair.(5)